宁夏回族自治区人大常委会


银川市建筑管理条例
宁夏回族自治区人大常委会


（1997年5月29日宁复回族自治区银川市第十届人民代表大会第十九次会议通过 1997年8月21日宁夏回族自治区人民代表大会第二十六次会议通过 1997年10月1日起施行）

第一章 总 则
第一条 为维护建筑活动当事人的合法权益，规范建筑市场秩序，保证建设工程质量，提高建设工程投资效益，促进建筑业健康发展，根据本市实际情况，制定本条例。
第二条 本条例适用于本市行政区域内从事建筑活动和实施建筑活动监督管理的单位和个人。
第三条 本条例所称建筑活动，是指对新建、扩建、改建的建设工程（包括土木建筑工程，线路、管道和设备安装工程，建筑装饰、装修工程等）从立项、报建、勘察、设计、施工、工程发包、工程承包、中介服务到竣工验收以及房地产开发、建筑构配件、预拌混凝土生产等相关活动
。
本条例所称建筑管理，是指对建筑活动全过程的管理。
第四条 市建设行政主管部门统一管理本行政区域内的建筑活动。
永宁、贺兰县建设行政主管部门负责所辖区域内建设活动的监督管理，并受市建设行政主管部门的业务指导。
市建设行政主管部门下属的各职能管理机构，具体负责日常管理工作。
水利、交通、供电等行政主管部门除按规定负责本专业建筑活动外，还应协助同级建设行政主管部门对非专业的建筑活动进行监督管理。
第五条 从事建筑活动的单位和个人，必须遵守国家法律、法规、规章的规定，禁止分割、封锁、垄断建筑市场，坚持公开、公平、公正的原则，不得损害国家利益、社会公共利益和他人的合法权益。

第二章 资质管理与许可证制度
第六条 县以上建设行政主管部门负责本行政区域内从事建筑活动的单位和个人的资质管理。
第七条 下列从事建筑活动的单位和个人，按审批权限和程序向所在地县以上建设行政主管部门申办资质，经国家、自治区、市建设行政主管部门审查，取得相应的资质证书后，向工商行政主管部门注册登记，申请营业执照：
（一）建设工程勘察、设计单位；
（二）建筑业企业（包括从事土木建筑工程、线路、管道和设备安装、建筑装饰、装修的单位）；
（三）建筑构配件、预拌混凝土生产等企业；
（四）建设工程监理、代理、造价咨询等中介服务机构。
第八条 建筑业企业及中介服务机构的专业管理人员、技术工人应接受培训，由县以上建设行政主管部门进行资格认定，经考试合格按规定统一核发相应的岗位证书。
第九条 取得资质证书的单位和个人，应按资质证书核定的经营范围从事活动，不得出卖、转让、出借、涂改资质证书。
从事建筑活动的单位合并、分立、歇业、法定代表人变更、解散等，须在30日内办理变更或注销手续。
第十条 来本市行政区域内从事建筑活动的自治区境外单位和个人，须持自治区建设行政主管部门办理的进宁许可证和有关证件，到市建设行政主管部门办理验证和登记手续；自治区境内来本市从事建筑活动的单位和个人，须持有效的资质证书和所在地县以上建设行政主管部门介绍函
件，到市建设行政主管部门经资质验证后办理进银许可证。
第十一条 建设工程项目实行报建制度和开工审批制度。
建设工程项目应在可行性研究报告或其它立项文件经批准后，由建设单位或其代理机构向县以上建设行政主管部门办理报建手续。
新建、扩建、改建的建设工程开工前，须由建设单位或其代理机构向县以上建设行政主管部门申请办理建设工程开工审批和施工许可证。
第十二条 建设单位应当具备下列条件：
（一）有相应的资金；
（二）有与建设工程相适应的经济、技术管理人员；
（三）实行招标的，具有编制招标文件和组织招标、评标、定标的能力。
不具备上述第（二）、（三）项条件的，必须委托具有相应资质的中介服务机构代理。
第十三条 申请办理建设工程开工审批和施工许可证应当具备下列条件：
（一）已取得建设工程规划许可证；
（二）按照国家有关规定应当纳入投资计划，并已列入年度计划；
（三）建设资金已经落实；
（四）有全套施工图纸和其他技术资料；
（五）已按规定办理招标手续，确定施工企业并已签订合同；
（六）已办理工程质量监督注册登记；
（七）已按规定交纳前期工程有关税费；
（八）法律、法规规定的其他条件。
第十四条 建设单位应当自取得《建设工程施工许可证》之日起3个月内开工，因故不能按期开工的，应在期满前向原发证部门申请延期；逾期不开工又不申请延期的，《建设工程施工许可证》自行失效。

第三章 建筑市场管理
第十五条 本章所称建筑市场管理，是指市建设、工商等行政主管部门，按照各自的职责和权限，对建设工程实施阶段全过程中的发包、承包、中介服务的监督管理。
第十六条 银川市应在本行政区域内建立建筑市场交易中心，负责办理工程报建、市场主体审查、招标投标管理、合同审查与管理、中介服务、质量安全监督和施工许可证等手续。
建筑市场的管理除接受市建设行政主管部门的统一领导外，同时接受自治区有关部门的宏观业务指导和检查监督。
第十七条 在本市行政区域内进行的建设工程，除不宜进行招标投标的军事工程和县以上人民政府批准的抢险、救灾、保密等特殊专业工程外，均应采用招标方式确定承建单位，不得指定承建单位。
国外投资项目、外商有特殊要求的中外合资项目，经招投标管理机构批准后，其业主可按国际惯例进行招标，选择承包方。
大型建设工程、公共建设工程设计方案，应采取竞选、投标方式确定。
第十八条 县以上建设行政主管部门对建设工程招标投标工作实施监督管理，招投标管理机构负责本行政区域内的招标投标具体工作。
第十九条 建设工程招标信息发布及招标活动按规定在建筑市场交易中心公开进行。
第二十条 建设单位招标发包工程不得压级压价，不得要求建筑业企业带资承包工程或垫款施工作为发包条件，不得将一个单位工程肢解后发包。
第二十一条 凡具备承包能力、符合投标规定条件的单位，均可参加投标承包工程。不得在建设工程投标中哄抬或不合理降低标价、串通投标。
第二十二条 承建人承包的建设工程应当主要依靠自己的技术和管理能力自行组织完成，对工程的非主体或专业性较强的分部工程，可以分包给具备相应资质的单位。
严禁倒手转包工程或挂靠施工。
第二十三条 推行建设工程监理制度。下列建设工程必须实行监理：
（一）国家、自治区和市重点建设工程项目；
（二）大中型市政公用事业工程项目；
（三）国家投资兴建和开发建设的办公楼、社会发展事业项目及住宅小区工程项目；
（四）外资、中外合资、国家贷款、赠款、捐款建设的工程项目；
（五）其它需要实行监理的工程项目。
第二十四条 实行建设工程监理应当签订书面监理合同，监理单位应当按照监理合同和有关规定从事监理活动。
监理单位不得承包工程，不得经营建筑材料、构配件和建筑机械、设备。
第二十五条 工程咨询单位不得同时接受招标方和投标方对同一工程项目的咨询。
第二十六条 招标工程的标底由招标单位委托具有相应资质的单位编制，标底须经招投标管理机构审定，或由其委托的中介服务机构代行审定，标底不得泄漏。
第二十七条 从事建筑活动的单位和个人，应参照示范文本签订工程建设合同。县以上建设和工商行政主管部门依法对建筑活动合同进行监督审查。
第二十八条 建设工程造价应当以国家和自治区、市建设行政主管部门制定的工程定额、计价方法和取费标准为依据，通过招标投标或双方协商确定价款，应在合同中载明，并根据建设工程造价管理部门发布的价格信息和调整系数进行调整。
第二十九条 在建筑活动中执行定额、编审工程预算、结算、编审工程标底、确定工程中标价等，应当接受建设行政主管部门的监督管理。
第三十条 建设单位要求工程质量和工期超过国家规定标准的，应当按照有关规定给予承包方相应的奖励和补偿。
第三十一条 建设工程合同双方不得任意扩大计价项目和取费标准，不得任意压价、抬价或附加不合理条件。
第三十二条 工程建设合同依法签订后，即具有法律约束力，合同双方当事人应当严格履行。
第三十三条 工程建设合同在履行中发生争议，当事人可以通过协商或调解解决；也可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或事后达成的仲裁协议，向仲裁机构申请仲裁。当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有达成仲裁协议的，可以向人民法院起诉。

第四章 建设工程质量管理
第三十四条 建设工程勘察、设计、施工和质量验收必须严格执行国家标准（无国家标准的执行行业或地方标准）。
第三十五条 建设工程质量实行政府监督，社会监理、企业保证、用户评价相结合的质量管理体系。
第三十六条 建设工程实行质量监督制度，县以上建设行政主管部门的建设工程质量监督机构，负责本行政区域内建设工程质量的监督管理。
国家规定的特殊行业的专业工程质量监督管理，由其主管部门的专业质量监督机构负责。特殊行业的非专业工程、实行监理的工程，必须接受所在地建设工程质量监督机构的监督管理。
第三十七条 建设工程质量监督、检测机构必须具备相应的条件和能力，经有关部门审查批准后，方可承担建设工程质量监督、检测工作。
第三十八条 建设工程质量监督机构依据法定的技术标准、规范、规程，对工程勘察、设计、施工质量以及工程所用的建筑材料、设备、构配件、预拌混凝土的质量进行监督检查。
第三十九条 实行建设工程质量责任制度。建设单位、勘察、设计单位、建筑业企业应当建立、健全质量管理和保障体系，全面落实质量责任制。
勘察、设计单位、建筑业企业不得无证或未经批准越级承担勘察、设计、施工任务，不得转让图签、图章，不得采购、使用不合格的材料、设备、构配件、预拌混凝土，任何部门、单位和个人均不得指定销售单位。
第四十条 建设行政主管部门对重要的建筑材料和设备，应实行产品质量认证制度。
第四十一条 实行总承包的建设工程，工程质量由总承包方负责；实行监理的建设工程，建设监理单位应当依照有关法律、法规、规章的规定及合同的约定实施工程监理，对工程质量负责。
第四十二条 实行建设工程阶段验收和竣工验收制度。交付验收的建设工程，必须符合工程设计和承包合同中规定的各项内容，达到规定的竣工条件。
建设工程经建设工程质量监督机构质量核定合格并经竣工验收合格后，方可使用。未经质量核定和竣工验收、质量核定和竣工验收不合格的建设工程，不得使用或交付使用，不准出售，不予办理产权证。
第四十三条 建设工程实行质量保修制度。保修期按照国家有关规定计算。
建设工程在规定的保修期内因勘察、设计、施工造成质量问题，由责任方承担相应责任；因建筑材料、构配件或设备造成的质量问题，由采购方承担保修责任；因不可抗力造成的工程损坏，维修费用由建设单位承担。

第五章 施工安全与现场管理
第四十四条 建筑施工应当贯彻“安全第一、预防为主”的方针。建筑业企业应当加强文明施工管理，科学组织施工，做好施工现场的各项管理工作。
第四十五条 建设单位应向建筑业企业提供与施工现场相关的地下管线资料，建筑业企业应当采取措施加以保护，所需费用由建设单位负责。
建筑业企业在施工中应当采取防护措施，保护毗邻建筑物、构筑物不受损坏，所需费用由建设单位承担。
第四十六条 建设单位、建筑业企业应当遵守有关文物、绿化、环境保护的法律、法规、规章的规定，采取有效措施，做好保护工作，控制施工现场的粉尘、废气、废水、固体废弃物以及噪声、震动对周围环境的污染和危害。
第四十七条 市区内住宅小区、高层建筑、大中型工业建筑、公共建筑及城市道路主干道两侧的建设工程等，应当使用预拌混凝土。
第四十八条 施工现场必须设置围档，不得在围档外推放建筑材料、机具或进行施工作业，保持施工现场整洁。
工程竣工后，建筑业企业应当及时拆除围档和临时设施，清除建筑垃圾。
第四十九条 有下列情况之一的，建设单位应依法到有关部门办理申报批准手续：
（一）临时占用规划批准范围以外场地的；
（二）损坏道路、管线、电力、通讯等公共设施及砍伐树木、迁移古树名木的；
（三）临时停水、停电、中断交通的；
（四）进行爆破作业的；
（五）损毁水文、测绘标志的；
（六）施工中发现文物、爆炸物、无主财物等，需要继续进行施工的；
（七）法律、法规、规章规定的其它需要办理报批手续的。
第五十条 涉及主体和承重结构需要变动的建筑装饰、装修工程及外形作较大改变的工程，建设单位和个人必须在施工前委托原设计单位提出设计方案，并报原审批机关审批。没有设计方案或设计方案未经批准的，不准施工。
第五十一条 建筑施工安全实行“企业负责、行业管理、国家监察、群众监督、劳动者遵章守纪”的安全生产管理体制。
建筑安全管理由工程所在地县以上建设行政主管部门负责，建筑安全管理机构负责具体监督检查。
第五十二条 建设工程施工实行安全生产责任制度。施工现场的安全由建设工程承包方负责。
建设工程承包方必须加强安全技术管理，落实安全技术措施，加强安全技术培训、考核，严格安全纪律和安全教育。
严禁违章指挥、违章作业，对危及生命安全和身体健康的违章指令，作业者有权拒绝执行，并可举报和控告。
第五十三条 建筑施工生产发生安全事故，应当由事故发生单位按照有关法律、法规、规章的规定，及时向上级主管部门和事故发生地的建设行政主管部门及公安、检察、劳动等部门报告。事故的调查与处理由事故发生地的建设行政主管部门会同同级劳动行政主管部门组成调查组负责
进行。

第六章 法律责任
第五十四条 建设（监理）单位和个人违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，由县以上建设行政主管部门责令限期改正，同时视情节轻重，分别给予警告、停工整顿的处罚，并处以工程总造价0．6％至2％的罚款：
（一）未按规定办理工程报建手续已经开工的；
（二）建设工程未按规定招标的；
（三）未按规定办理工程质量监督手续的；
（四）未按规定办理建设工程开工审批和施工许可证而擅自开工建设的；
（五）指定设备、材料销售单位的；
（六）涉及主体或承重结构变动的维修及装饰装修工程，以及涉及建筑物外形变动较大的工程，没有设计方案且未经批准而擅自动工的；
（七）擅自更改设计文件的；
（八）工程发包中违反工程造价规定、压级、压价或者要求承包方以带资垫款作为前提条件以及附加其他不合理条件的；
（九）未经竣工验收就使用工程的。
第五十五条 勘察设计单位和人员违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，由县以上建设行政主管部门视情节轻重，分别给予没收违法所得和勘察、设计技术文件，警告、责令停业整顿、建议降低资质等级和吊销资质证书，并处以5000元至50000元的罚款：
（一）无证或未经批准越级进行勘察、设计的；
（二）伪造、涂改、转让、出借资质证书、或者转让、出借设计图签、图章的；
（三）勘察、设计技术质量低劣，造成重大质量事故的；
（四）指定设备、材料销售单位的。
第五十六条 建设工程承包方违反本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，由县以上建设行政主管部门责令改正，同时视情节轻重，分别给予没收违法所得，警告、停工整顿、停止半年或1年的投标资格，建议降低资质等级和吊销资质证书的处罚，并处以工程造价0．6％至2％的罚款：
（一）无证或未经批准越级承包工程的；
（二）承包工程后又将工程转包、挂靠承包的；
（三）伪造、涂改、转让、出借资质证书的；
（四）招标投标中哄抬或不合理降低标价，串通投标的；
（五）违反施工安全及现场管理规定的；
（六）未按设计文件施工，违反国家技术标准、行业技术标准或地方技术标准、质量验评标准、施工规范、操作规程、造成质量低劣，存在质量隐患或发生质量事故的；
（七）采购、使用不合格的材料、设备、构配件、预拌混凝土的；
（八）按规定应当使用预拌混凝土的工程，未经建设行政主管部门同意擅自在现场搅拌混凝土的；
（九）未按规定实行质量保修的。
第五十七条 建设工程监理、代理及造价咨询等中介服务单位违反国家和本条例规定，有下列行为之一的，由县以上建设行政主管部门视情节轻重，分别给予没收违法所得，警告、建议吊销资质证书的处罚，并处以5000元至50000元的罚款：
（一）无资质证书、越级从事工程建设监理、代理、造价咨询的；
（二）工程咨询单位同时为招标方和投标方对同一工程提供咨询服务的；
（三）从事招标投标代理服务，在招投标过程中弄虚作假或泄露标底的；
（四）从事承包工程业务和经营建筑材料、构配件和建筑机械、设备的。
第五十八条 因监理责任造成损失的，监理单位应依法承担相应的赔偿责任。
第五十九条 外省、市、县的企事业单位和个人到我市从事建筑活动，有下列行为之一的，由县以上建设行政主管部门责令停止开展业务，并处以5000元至50000元的罚款：
（一）未办理资质验证和登记手续的；
（二）未取得进银许可证的。
第六十条 从事建筑活动的单位和个人违反本条例规定，造成重大质量或安全事故，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任；未构成犯罪的，依法给予主管负责人和主要责任人行政处分。
第六十一条 对阻碍国家工作人员依法执行建筑管理职务的，依照有关法律、法规的规定处罚。
第六十二条 违犯本条例规定，属于工商行政管理部门职权的由工商行政管理部门处罚，涉及工商行政管理部门职责的，建设行政主管部门应会同工商行政管理部门共同进行处罚。
第六十三条 国家工作人员和从事建筑活动的单位或个人在执行建筑管理职务时滥用职权、工作失职、徇私舞弊的，由所在单位或主管部门给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第六十四条 当事人对建设行政主管部门的行政处罚决定不服的，可自接到处罚决定之日起15日内向同级人民政府或上一级建设行政主管部门申请复议；对复议决定不服的，可自接到复议决定之日起15日内向人民法院起诉。当事人也可直接向人民法院起诉。
当事人对建设行政主管部门所作出的行政处罚决定逾期不申请复议，又不起诉，也不执行处罚决定的，由作出处罚决定的建设行政主管部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第六十五行，罚没款应使用统一的票证，并上交同级财政部门。

第七章 附 则
第六十六条 市人民政府可根据本条例制定具体实施办法。
第六十七条 涉及本条例的收费立项和收费标准，按国家和自治区的有关规定办理。
第六十八条 本条例自1997年10月1日起施行。



1997年8月21日
世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.